Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890). Dutch post-impressionist painter who produced approximately 2,100 artworks (including 860 oil paintings) in the final decade of his life, transformed Western painting through his use of color and gestural brushwork, and died at thirty-seven by suicide following years of severe mental illness whose specific diagnosis remains debated (epilepsy, bipolar disorder, borderline personality, lead poisoning, and absinthe-related neurological damage have all been proposed). Van Gogh's cognitive signature includes the features that the discovery specialty makes legible at peak intensity: monotropic obsessive engagement with a specific perceptual problem (the experience of color and light), willingness to work through extreme physical and psychological cost, and complete indifference to whether the work would be recognized in his lifetime — he sold one painting during his life. The integration partner was his brother Theo, an art dealer who supported Vincent financially and emotionally for fifteen years and preserved the correspondence and the canvases that made the posthumous integration work possible. Without Theo, Van Gogh's body of work might have been lost. The pattern is the chapter's pattern in its most painful form.